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The most common problem afflicting men over the age of 50 is prostate enlargement.

The prostate is a gland located beneath the bladder. If it becomes enlarged, it squeezes the urinary tract, causing a number of problems.

Men with an enlarged prostate may experience incontinence, frequent urination, weak stream, blood in the urine, and more. Many different methods can be used to treat this uncomfortable and irritating condition so proper functioning is restored.

Enlargement of the prostate is a natural occurrence, but it needs to be closely monitored. Some people experience these symptoms but are not bothered enough by them to need medication or surgery.

For those whose symptoms are particularly severe, there are medications available that can help reduce the enlargement. Flomax, for example, helps reduce the size of the prostate so urine can flow normally.

The severity of the symptoms of an enlarged prostate can fluctuate, and it is important to have regular check-ups.

If you have frequent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, blood in your urine or acute urinary retention, you need treatment. Waiting too long to have mild symptoms checked can result in much more serious methods of intervention.

When the problem is allowed to go unchecked, simple medication may not be enough to relieve the symptoms and remedy the condition. Invasive procedures may then become necessary. Because they involve going through the urethra, they can be uncomfortable or painful.

These procedures destroy excess tissue or widen existing tissue to allow smoother passage of urine.

Two methods are widely used for destroying excess tissue through the urethra: electromagnetically-generated heat and microwave thermotherapy.

Another procedure, photo-selective vaporization, is also performed through the urethra, and seeks to relieve discomfort and pain caused by enlarged prostates. Small incisions are made into the bladder, and one common side effect is a temporary decrease in sexual functioning.

These methods may be enough to relieve symptoms and restore urinary flow and health. The condition, however, may progress to prostate cancer in some patients.

There is a surgical procedure known as TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate), where actual pieces of the prostate are removed. This is the most radical of the procedures available before radical prostatectomy, where the prostate is actually removed.

As with photo-selective vaporization, these surgeries may affect sexual performance. Many men find they experience sexual dysfunction of some kind, including trouble ejaculating. More surgery may be required to resolve these issues.

The key in preventing prostate problems is understanding that it does continue to grow in late adulthood, and that there can be symptoms you will need to recognize if it becomes enlarged.

Prudent doctor visits can help prevent surgery and can even stop cancer before it spreads. Men over 40 should consult their doctor's and enquire about yearly prostate checkups.

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As a disease cancer consists of the uncontrolled malignant cellular growth, the invasion of organs and the metastasis. It seams that the cause of the condition is a combination of genetic predisposition and the exposure to some environmental toxins. Basically, the principle that makes a chemotherapy drug functional is the impairment of the cellular division of tissues with a fast growth rate. The damage they produce among cells, gives chemotherapy drugs the name of cytotoxic medication.

In broad general terms, chemotherapy kills cells by means of chemical substances. In more particular terms, chemotherapy is used to kill the cells of micro-organisms or cancer. Chemotherapy usually refers to antineoplastic drugs which are used to treat cancer or to the combination of these drugs into a cytotoxic standardized treatment regimen. Besides the reference to cancer treatment, chemotherapy also has an antibacterial dimension when it involves the use of antibiotics.

A chemotherapy drug, or better a combination of such drugs, functions by destroying cells that divide quickly. Unfortunately, these drugs also affect/attack other healthy cells that divide rapidly. These other cells that get attacked by the chemotherapy drug are cells in the hair follicles, bone marrow and digestive tract. The results on the normal rapid-dividing cells are the side effects of chemotherapy: alopecia - hair loss, myelosuppression - decreased production of blood cells, and mucositis - inflammation of the digestive tract.

A chemotherapy drug could also be prescribed for the treatment of other problems such as autoimmune diseases - namely rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. More modern cancer treatments known as targeted therapy use anti-cancer medication that attacks only the abnormal proteins in cancer cells.

Different classes of chemotherapy drug medication are available at present. Thus there are antimetabolites, alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, anthracyclines and several others. While all these chemicals interfere with the DNA structure, there are newer and revolutionary medicines like the tyrosine kinase inhibitors or the monoclonal antibodies that leave the nucleic acids unaffected.

These ones target a molecular abnormality in particular types of cancer such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors or chronic myelogenous leukemia. More special chemotherapy drug options only change the behavior of the tumor cells without affecting other tissues. From these so-called adjuvant therapies, the hormone treatment will be commonly used.

The decision to administer only one chemotherapy drug or a combination of several medicines belongs to the doctor and it is taken depending on the stage of the disease and the purpose of the treatment.

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Chemotherapy hair loss is one of the numerous effects of this cancer treatment. What is the reason why hair loss occurs during chemotherapy? Well, the drugs used in this type of cancer treatment are very strong, therefore very efficient in attacking the rapidly developing cancer cells. These medicines also attack other cells in the body that have a rapid growth; among these, the cells in the hair roots, as well. The effects of chemotherapy on hair are not limited only to the scalp as the procedure affects the hair on the body, too. Unfortunately, eyelashes, eyebrows, armpit and pubic hair and other body hair may also fall out.

The variety of the drugs used in chemotherapy is incredibly high with hundreds of medicines available. Some of these will trigger chemotherapy hair loss more quickly than others, but some may not even cause such a side effect. The concentration of the drugs is relevant for chemotherapy hair loss, and while some patients will experience thinning of the hair others will go completely bald. Thus, discussing the medication that will be prescribed with the doctor and nurse is very important as they are the specialists able to inform the patient on what to expect from chemotherapy.

Hair usually starts falling out after 10-14 days from the beginning of the treatment. It may happen quite fast, either in clumps or gradually. Chemotherapy hair loss remains a problem throughout the entire period of the treatment and a month afterwards. Half the hair will be gone without one even noticing. Fortunately, in the majority of cases, chemotherapy hair loss represents a temporary effect. Hair can be expected to grow back within six months to one year after the cessation of the treatment. The new hair could have a slightly different shade of color, with the mention that even the texture could be altered too.

The hair recovery period after chemotorapy is six weeks on the average, and generally, the hair grows at a rate of about a quarter inch each month. The changes that took place in the hair follicles during chemotherapy will be obvious in the way the hair grows back, but in time, things will get back to normal. The color and texture alteration will be a first recovery sign and the hair will recover the look previous to the treatment the moment cellular pigmentation is functioning normally all over again. Unfortunately, chemotherapy hair loss cannot be prevented as none of the treatments available is completely free of such side effects.

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